When a wholly or partly funded position for a PhD student becomes vacant it must be advertised so that all those interested can apply. Many institutions of higher education also advertise externally-funded positions.

Announcements on the websites of institutions are common. If you are considering doctoral studies or research training you should obtain specific information and application materials directly from the institution and the department where the subject is taught.

Applications for PhD studies should be sent directly to the department along with officially certified copies of diplomas and/or certificates or official transcripts, diploma work and letters of recommendation. Authorized translations are often required. Some departments have fixed application dates while others admit students on an ongoing basis.